Above-the-Line Deduction

Full explanation

Above-the-line deductions (officially 'adjustments to income') are subtracted from gross income to calculate your AGI. Unlike itemized deductions, you can claim these whether you take the standard deduction or itemize. Common above-the-line deductions include: traditional IRA contributions, student loan interest (up to $2,500), HSA contributions, self-employment tax deduction (half of SE tax), self-employed health insurance premiums, educator expenses (up to $300), and alimony paid (for pre-2019 agreements). These deductions are especially valuable because lowering your AGI can increase eligibility for other credits and deductions that phase out based on AGI.

Source: IRS Form 1040, Schedule 1 — Adjustments to Income